Spectrophotometer - Colorimeter Lab Essays - Spectroscopy, Chemistry

Spectrophotometer - Colorimeter Lab Essays - Spectroscopy, Chemistry Spectrophotometer - Colorimeter Lab Dev Brar Jonathan Badonsky, Melissa Berberi, Maja Bekcic, Miranda Adam, Madeleine Chang, Danny Kelly SCH3US-01 Sawicki October 1, 2017 Part 1: Purpose: To use colorimetry to determine the maximum light absorbance for a colored solution. Hypothesis: The red aqueous solution will have a maximum absorbance in the range of 480 nm to 560 nm. Whereas the blue aqueous solution will have a maximum absorbance somewhere in the range of 600 nm to 640 nm Materials: Table 1: Materials used in part 1 of colorimetry lab Apparatus Chemicals spectroscope ( 3nm) Distilled Water 2 Plastic Pipettes Aqueous solutions of food coloring 2 Test Tubes 2 Cuvettes (3.50 0.25ml) Small spectroscope ( 3nm) Procedure: Spectrometer was assembled and calibrated using test tube filled with distilled water spectroscope was set to wavelength 400 nm Second test tube was filled with blue aqueous solution and was placed into spectroscope Results were recorded for the absorbance of the solution at 400 nm Steps 1 through 4 were recorded at wavelengths at intervals of 10 nm until a wavelength of 700 nm was achieved Solution was disposed of, spectroscope was turned off, and work place was cleaned Small spectroscope was assembled Small spectroscope was calibrated with a 3.500.25ml cuvette containing distilled water from a plastic pipette Second cuvette was filled with a red aqueous solution from a second pipette Cuvette was gently tapped multiple time on the label table until all bubbles had disappeared from the container Cuvette containing the red aqueous solution was placed in the small spectroscope Results were recorded for the absorbance of the solution in intervals of 10 nm from 400 nm 700 nm Solutions were dispossessed of, small spectroscope was turned off, and workplace was cleaned. Observations: Ta ble 2: Absorbance spectrum of red and blue solution between wavelength of 400 nm and 700 nm Wavelength (+/- 3nm) Absorbance of Blue Aqueous Solution Absorbance of Red Aqueous Solution 400 0.10 0.39 410 0.09 0.34 420 0.07 0.32 430 0.02 0.33 440 0.02 0.37 450 0.03 0.46 460 0.02 0.59 470 0.03 0.75 480 0.03 0.90 490 0.03 1.03 500 0.03 1.12 510 0.01 1.12 520 0.05 1.02 530 0.07 0.91 540 0.09 0.62 550 0.12 0.33 560 0.17 0.13 570 0.24 0.01 580 0.32 -0.04 590 0.39 -0.07 600 0.50 -0.09 610 0.60 -0.10 620 0.82 -0.10 630 0.88 -0.09 640 0.70 -0.09 650 0.42 -0.08 660 0.24 -0.04 670 0.12 -0.07 680 0.05 -0.07 690 0.02 -0.06 700 0.02 -0.07 Table 3: Qualitative Measurements Solution Color State Odour Red Aqueous Solution Red Liquid Odourless Blue Aqueous Solution Blue Liquid Odourless Graph 1: Absorbance of Red Aqueous Solution and Blue Aqueous Solution VS Wavelength Analysis: Based upon the observations, the wavelength and the predictions to agree. The red aqueous solution had the maximum absorbance at approx 510 nm (refer to graph 1) and the prediction states that the ax absorbance for the red aqueous solution will occur in the range of 480 nm to 560 nm. The blue aqueous solution had the maximum absorbance at approx 630 nm (refer to graph 1) and the prediction states that the ax absorbance for the red aqueous solution will occur in the range of 600 nm to 640 nm. The independent variable in this lab was the wavelength, and the dependant variable is this lab were the absorbance of both red aqueous solution and blue aqueous solution. Conclusion: The maximum absorbance for the red aqueous solution was found within the range of 480 nm - 560 nm agreeing with the hypothesis which states that the maximum absorbance will be found from 480 nm to 560 nm. The maximum absorbance for the blue aqueous solution was found within the range of 600 nm - 640 nm agreeing with the hypothesis which states that the maximum absorbance will be found from 600 nm to 640 nm Part 2: Purpose: To determine the concentration of a coloured solution by constructing a standard curve and by comparing the absorbance value of the unknown to the standard. Materials: Table 4: Materials used in part 2 of colorimetry lab Apparatus Chemicals Spectroscope (3 nm) Distilled water 8 Test Tubes Unknown Sample Plastic Pipettes Copper (II) Sulfate(aq) in

An Analytical Biography of The Catcher in the Rye Essay Example for Free

An Analytical Biography of The Catcher in the Rye Essay Critic Jonathan Baumbach explores the significance of innocence in J.D Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye. He claims that the novel is not only about innocence, but actively for innocence-as if retaining one’s childness were an existing possibility. Not only that, but he states that Holden wishes to be a saint: the protector and savior of innocence by preventing them from falling into the cruel adult world of corruption and fickleness. Although he also wants someone to prevent his own fall since he is in fact still a child himself. Baumbach states that this is Holden’s paradox, saying that he must shed his own innocence to protect innocence. These statements are what send Holden off into the three day soul-searching quest that dooms Holden to sinking into insanity in our novel. The critic opens with a rather descriptive insight about how others view and critique Salinger’s first and only novel, as well as pointing some of the flaws that Catcher has: â€Å"The novel is sentimental; it loads the deck for Holden and against the adult world, the small but corrupt group that Holden encounters is not representative enough to permit Salinger his inclusive judgments about the species.† Baumbach claims that Holden does not have enough information to comment on the phoniness of humanity as a whole based on his observations of only a select few. As the critic investigates further, he makes a few interesting points. Some of which regard Mr. Antolini: Holden’s former English teacher. Baumbach claims that Antolini’s kindness to Holden is triggered by a homosexual interest that he has in the protagonist. Pointing  out the flaws in his teachers marriage, as well as ambiguous actions that he had done while with Caulfield. Based on Baumbach’s misguided interpretation the reader could be lead to think that of Mr. Antolini’s gesture as one of a perverted old man rather than as one of concerned mentor. Additionally, the critic moves on to discuss Holden’s concern of where the ducks go during the winter. He claims that what Holden really wants to know is whether there is a benevolent authority that takes care of the ducks; for if there is one for the ducks, there is must be one for people as well. Next, Baumbach switches focus to Holden’s prayer to Allie, which takes place before he goes to visit his family’s apartment. The critic postulates that Holden’s prayer to Allie is not so much an act of anguish as an act of love. However, if one closely examines the scene in the novel, the reader will realize that Holden’s prayer is actually the act of one wallowing in self-pity, of one that has truly hit rock bottom. After examining Jonathan Baumbach’s critique I can gather that he is a wonderful writer, he uses a colorful vocabulary and his sentences are perfectly structured. Although a line should be drawn when using more complex vocabulary; for while reading the critique the reader will likely find themselves having to look up several words to understand the points the critic is trying get across. Not only that, but the critic makes several assumptions based on very little information or goes out on a limb to make a point. Moreover, Baumbach’s points regarding Mr. Antolini’s homosexual nature, the significance of the Central Park ducks, as well as Holden’s prayer to Allie are not entirely concrete, and leave themselves open for dispute. When a reader goes through a book more than once, they find things they never caught while reading it through the first time. One would realize that Holden views Mr. Antolini as a father figure and a role model and comes to him looking for all the answers to the questions no one has figured out yet. For example, during the story when Holden arrives at Mr. Antolini’s apartment, He knows that Holden is spiraling downward and is basically aiming to fall into that insanity he has been drifting towards throughout  the novel, he warns him of this and eventually the two head to sleep. Now the controversial action that causes some of the audience to believe that Mr. Antolini is sexually interested in Caulfied, is that he awoke to find him stroking his hair. Holden misunderstood and made such a rash decision to put everyone into that Phony corrupt persona that he believes humanity is composed of, and storms off out of his home. If Holden was thinking more clearly he would’ve probably been able to handle the situation more responsibly, realizing that Antolini was only stroking his hair in more of a concerned fatherly way. The reader can tell by the way Holden refers to Mr. Antolini they have a strong relationship and he views him as a surrogate father, and not some perverted old man that Baumbach has painted him out to be. Additionally, As far as the Central Park ducks are concerned†¦Holden’s obsessive curiosity about what happens to the ducks during the winter shows the more child-like side to his character. Although Baumbach believes that Holden is searching for a higher power, instead helps him relate to that child innocence he is so fond of. It gives him the hope that change isn’t always permanent. It also helps the reader compare Holden’s perfect world in which time stands still (Like in the Museum of Natural History), to the real world which is constantly changing. Proving that he isn’t searching for some sort of â€Å"higher power† in the ducks, but it was a way to keep in touch with his innocence of his childhood. Lastly, when Holden hits rock bottom in the novel he says a prayer to Allie, in which Baumbach claims that it is an act of love and anguish. Although, this isn’t entirely true. Holden is actually wallowing in his own self-pity, how could he pray to Allie for help when while Allie was alive he wouldn’t even allow him to go on his bike with him and a friend? Sure, he feels regret for it now that he is dead and no longer with him, but it happened yet again when Phoebe wanted to run away with him and Caulfied turned her down the same as he had done with Allie. Proving that after hitting rock bottom Holden is desperate enough to pray although he doesn’t actually believe in God, but is hoping that there is one to not only save him but the soul of his deceased brother as well. In conclusion, Baumbach as a critic did write a well-written review of J.D Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye although it was a bit difficult to understand at times, he made a clear point and backed up his point with facts from the novel. He had colorful vocabulary and his critique flowed well together. Although the critique was a bit on the longer side I did enjoy reading it. The Catcher in the Rye which is believed to be J.D Salinger’s most famous work, had been an everlasting favorite of teens and tweens of the literary scene. This novel known for its stylized prose and focus on themes of angst, alienation, and rebellion has received wide acclaim for its extraordinary sense of originality. This novel will endure as a lifetime favorite of adolescence everywhere because it has life and is probably the most original piece of its time. An Analytical Biography of The Catcher in the Rye. (2016, Oct 18). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Game Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Game Critique - Essay Example In the AA game, the player engages in a virtual squad combat under strict rules of engagement and laws that result in a win and lose situations. The game, designed and published in the year 2002 by the United States Army involves the development of the first person shooter. The game serves to enhance proper communication to the public about the services that the army offers them. The game give the public a better soldier experience that is more educative, creative and entertaining. The game starts by having the player to create a soldier and take him through various military training processes before allowing him to go to the battlefield. The soldier moves through various obstacles as her or she gets trained using various weapons. At this stage, the player earns credit by shooting on target and passes different obstacles. If the player fails to pass all the obstacles, he is unfit to proceed to the next level hence repeats the whole process. The whole game is unfair as the game-play mostly favors the commercial side. Shooting the target to earn the credits is the principal players’ task at this point. The moving background in the game makes it difficult for the player to shoot at the target. The complication forces the player to repeat the process several times to pass the level. The next level of the game, the player takes his or her trained virtual soldier to the battlefield. In the battlefield, the soldier moves across the streets as enemies come from different sides shooting at him. There are also several hideouts for the soldier to protect it from the enemies’ bullets (Neiborg 1). If the soldier is hit by a bullet its life decreases and if it continuous the soldier eventually dies, and the game ends. At this level, the play still favors the commercial side as it has more sophisticated weapons and explosives at disposal unlike the player locked from the