African Americans and the Prison System - 2784 Words

African Americans in Prison Is the criminal Justice system replacing slavery as a Means of Oppression? Table of Contents Intro ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K..1 Part 1 : SLAVERY I. The History of Oppression and African Americans ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K.. III. The lasting effects of slavery: continuous oppression ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K a. The lost sense of culture and cultural pride: Feeling of inferiority b. No economic foundation c. Unleveled playing field IV. Maintaining oppression ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K. PART 2 : THE NEW AGE SLAVERY: The Prison System I. The Prison Institution ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K ¡K II.†¦show more content†¦Socially, the institution of slavery allowed white slave owners to believe they had not only physical control, but physical and mental superiority over the slaves. With only a few exceptions, all slaves were Africans. This fact placed the label of inferiority on black skin. The actual institution of slavery as it relates to master and slave lasted up in till the Civil war. The American Civil War was fought, in part, over slavery. During the war, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which  ¡Ã‚ §freed ¡Ã‚ ¨ all slaves. This seemingly, brought the end of slavery throughout the United States, but unfortunately left a lasting impression. From this point on slavery took on a new form as former slaves being associated with the label of inferiority. II. The lasting effects of slavery: continuous oppression Slavery is defined by Webster ¡Ã‚ ¦s dictionary as  ¡Ã‚ §The state of being under the control of another person ¡Ã‚ ¨ . Aalthough the actual physical control and violence supposedly ended after the emancipation proclamation, The intangible theory of supremacy derived from the institution of slavery resulted in many lasting effects. These effects in and of themselves are a form of force, a form slavery. a. The lost sense of culture and cultural pride: Feeling of inferiority Slave drivers made great efforts to eliminate African culture. For instance Africans were beaten if they were caught speaking their native languages or carrying outShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Men And The United States Prison System1422 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican American Men and the United States Prison System There is a racial connection between the United States criminal justice system and the overrepresentation of black men in the United States prison system. There are over 2 million people in the U.S. prison system exceeding that of any other nation and represents 25% of the world’s prisoners (The Sentencing Project, 2016). According to Prison Policy Initiative, African American communities are the most impacted with African American men representingRead MoreDisproportionate Incarceration of African Americans Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesDisproportionate Incarceration of African Americans The disproportionate numbers of African Americans in the prison system is a very serious issue, which is not usually discussed in its totality. However, it is quite important to address the matter because it ultimately will have an effect on African Americans as a whole. Of the many tribulations that plague Americans today, the increase in the amount of African American men and women in prisons is unbelievable. It would be naà ¯ve to sayRead MoreThe Crime Of The Criminal Justice System1709 Words   |  7 PagesThe Criminal justice system is an institution that is suppose to uphold social control, manage crime, and enforcing penalties for violations in society. What are some of the racial disparities among African Americans in the Criminal Justice system today? The criminal justice system has been around for decades supporting and facilitating the cities of crime. So why is it that most of our prisons and jails hold a substantial amount of people of color? People of color have come a long way from slaveryRead MoreAnalysis Of Orange Is The New Black 1134 Words   |  5 Pageswith Taystee for ending up back in prison after being released. Taystee attempts to explain herself by claiming that prison is easier than attempting to live a normal life af ter prison. Poussey smacks Taystee and angrily states that her mom passed away while she was in prison and she wasn’t there to say goodbye so Taystee has no reason for walking back into prison â€Å"because freedom was inconvenient.† To this Taystee responds by sincerely claiming that life after prison is â€Å"some kind of joke†; in the realRead MoreThe Relationship Between African Americans And Incarceration1642 Words   |  7 PagesThe Relationship between African Americans Males and Incarceration Research question: Why are the majority of American prisoners African American males? Thesis: Because of racial inequality and a history of social oppression African American males have been treated unequally entering jails/prison at a higher rate than other racial groups The mass incarceration of African Americans has been for years, racially pushed forward. In recent years this crisis of disproportional inequality hasRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Criminal Justice System1394 Words   |  6 Pagesmyriad of institutions. One of these institutions which have policies which negatively affect minorities is the criminal justice system. There is an overrepresentation of African Americans and Latinos within prisons. Discrimination and prejudice have morphed throughout time to continue to keep individual without power. There are more African American adults in prison or jail, on probation or parole—than were enslaved in 1850 (Alexander. New Jim Crow.) Through the history of this country, this trendRead MoreSouth And The Ghetto Of The North918 Words   |  4 Pagesreproduction of the slave system seems to be inextricably connected to race in America, as well as underlying political, social and legal systems that operate in society. Multiple s cholars have noted that the social world that is existent today is a result of the economic agenda that is concentrated in politics. The carceral state alone reveals how African Americans in the United States are caught in the institutions that dictate and extort their identities in order to contribute to a system that is set upRead MoreThe Prison System At Parchman1032 Words   |  5 PagesWorse than Slavery is a monograph that discusses Parchman Prison and gives various accounts of men and women who lived within the prison. Overall, Parchman was another way for white men to stay in charge and to keep black men oppressed. During this time, ninety percent of the prison population was African American. Although slavery had ended many years prior to the establishment of Parchman, it had many characteristics of slavery. The prison system at Parchman reflects themes of poverty, racism and reformRead MoreThe Source Of Racism And White Supremacy Essay1718 Words   |  7 Pagesimperfecti on that prohibits the production of melanin, the genetic content that gives color to eyes, skin and hair. Legendary scholar, author and psychiatrist, Dr. Frances Cress Welsing argues that African albinos, rejected by their parents, alienated from their communities and sensitive to the African sun, were forced to migrate northward to Europe. This as a consequence resulted in inbreeding amongst the exiles led to the birth of the White or European race. Racism and white supremacy functionsRead MoreDisparities Of Justice : How Positive Change Is Made Difficult1450 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscuss racial issues in today’s political climate is to walk on a tight rope in an effort to open Pandora’s Box. With the media coverage of police brutality and the rise of groups such as â€Å"Black Lives Matter†, Americans are once again faced with the topic of racial discrimination in our justice system. Despite how divisive this issue can get, both sides must concede that somethi ng is terribly wrong here: black men are incarcerated at a rate six times more than whites and one in three black men will go

REVIEW OF THE PROFILE OF CREATIVE ABILITIES Essay example

REVIEW OF THE PROFILE OF CREATIVE ABILITIES There are differences between Licensed Professional Counselor and Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. Testing is a large factor in accurately assessing the full scope of the assistance a client may new. Depending on the needs of the client the Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) could be a better fit. In considering the tests that exist, one sample population LMFT’s are likely to work with are children. Development is always a major factor in children with intellectual or behavior issues. One test that is dynamic to this factor is the Profile of Creative Capabilities (PCA). The Profile of Creative Capabilities (PCA) includes two subtests (Drawing and Groups) and 2†¦show more content†¦DEVELOPMENT. Growth and development of the PCA was led by Guilfords (1959) structure of intellect model and Amabiles (1996) theorizing on creativeness. The rating scale also rates intrinsic motivation. TECHNICAL. The PCA was normed on the sample of 640 children across 11 states. The sample was stratified by three age times (5- to eight-11 9- to 11-11 12- to 14-11). The exam manual states the standardization sample carefully approximates the U.S. population. The sample does seem to carefully match the U.S. Census when it comes to geographic region, race and Hispanic ethnicity, and parent education level. However, the standardization sample doesnt carefully match the U.S. Census when it comes to gender (e.g., 46% from the standardization sample are male whereas 51% from the U.S. school-age human population are male), and family earnings (30% from the sample possess a family earnings of $75,000 and also over whereas 19% of U.S. families come with an earnings within this upper range). Evidence meant for construct validity was supplied by study of group differentiation across different cohorts. The creativity class werent given the PCA pre-intervention, so its impossible to understand if the test was calculating alterations in creative abilities or reflecting latent group variations in addition to the intervention. Further, its unclear from the theoretical perspective, and neverShow MoreRelatedEssay on Career Profile: Advertising Executive1364 Words   |  6 Pages Career Profile Task The career that I have chosen to profile is that of an Advertising Executive. Advertising professionals combine creativity with sound business sense to market a product based on financial, sociological, and psychological research. To ensure this complicated process works smoothly, advertisers spend a lot of time in the office (a six-day week is not unusual). Most of their time is spent brainstorming, creative blockbusting, and sifting through demographic research; less timeRead MoreCreativity And Dyslexi An Investigation Study Of Divergent Thinking1119 Words   |  5 PagesCreativity in context. Westview press. Boden, C. and Giaschi, D., 2007. M-stream deficits and reading-related visual processes in developmental dyslexia. Psychological bulletin, 133(2), p.346. Cockcroft, K. and Hartgill, M., 2004. Focusing on the abilities in learning disabilities: dyslexia and creativity. Education as Change, 8(1), pp.p-61. Cohen, L., 1976. Educational research in classrooms and schools: A manual of materials and methods. London; New York: Harper Row. DAVIS, R.D., 1995. The GiftRead MoreInclusion And Requirements Of The Areas Of Learning And Development1534 Words   |  7 Pagesactivities and should be introduced to the concept of health, hygiene, and safety through different age/ability appropriate activities. †¢ Creative development outcomes. To achieve the above outcome; in our setting we provide children with opportunities to stimulate their natural curiosity and disposition through different activities. We provide children with opportunities and resources to engage in creative, imaginative and expressive activities e.g. art, craft, design, music, dance and movements. ChildrenRead MoreNVQ level 3 unit 681117 Words   |  5 Pagesthem. Explain that they do not have to think only in terms of traditional service can be delivered and the best plans are usually a mix of informal and professional support, with effective use of assistive technology and plenty of innovation and creative thinking. Support the person and their family, friends or carers to feed back their views about the assessments made. If the process goes smoothly the feedback will be positive but you may also need support people in challenging some points or inRead MoreEntrepreneur Characteristics1725 Words   |  7 Pagesentrepreneurship journals, books and articles have brought to the idea on writing this paper, towards certain perspective, on successful entrepreneurial characteristics. This paper examines the myths associated with what it takes to be an entrepreneur, the profiles and the common characteristics among these successful entrepreneurs. INTRODUCTION The first definition on entrepreneur was simply someone who invented something. Eventually, it turned into someone who owned a business. But the best definitionRead MoreCharacteristics of a Successful Entrepreneur Essay1598 Words   |  7 Pagesentrepreneurship journals, books and articles have brought to the idea on writing this paper, towards certain perspective, on successful entrepreneurial characteristics. This paper examines the myths associated with what it takes to be an entrepreneur, the profiles and the common characteristics among these successful entrepreneurs. INTRODUCTION The first definition on entrepreneur was simply someone who invented something. Eventually, it turned into someone who owned a business. But the best definitionRead MoreLearning Is A Natural And Necessary Aspect Of Life935 Words   |  4 Pagesthis course I have always defined learning as the transmission of information conveyed between us. Now this course has opened my eyes to different aspects of learning that I had never thought of. It made me understand that learning encompasses the ability to think and reason, the motivation to engage, act, and the courage to acknowledge feelings and empathize. Learning can also empower me to new knowledge which will enable me to appreciate myself, life, grow, adapt and have my own realization of theRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Elr Media Group1655 Words   |  7 PagesSWOT Analysis of ELR Media Group Company Profile Della Olsher Levine and Erica Levine Ryan founded ELR Media Group in 2001. The company specializes in publicity and brand development with focus on fashion apparel, accessories, lifestyle, beauty, retail, and also, event production. ELR Media Group provides customers with all of the services offered by an in-house creative marketing department. Such services include editorial, online, magazines and celebrity placement, art direction, collateral materialsRead MoreAnalysis of Leaders in Innovation1564 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The ability to be creative and think outside of the box is fundamental in today’s more challenging and competitive business landscape. Organizations today are looking for business professionals who have the ability to lead through innovation. Innovation is the application of better solutions that meet new requirements, unarticulated needs, or existing market needs. This is accomplished through more effective products, processes, services, technologies, or ideas that are readily availableRead MoreDigital Chocolate1331 Words   |  6 Pages1. How should Trip Hawkins organize the functions of the teams in Finland, India, Spain and California to move into the social network gaming world? 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The Morality of Abortion Essay - 1413 Words

The Morality of Abortion On the question of abortion being moral, the answer is clearly that terminating a fetus life under certain circumstances is not only moral, but it is also our responsibility to terminate it if the quality of life is in question for the fetus. A second major reason is that to declare abortion immoral would mean that we would have to consider the factor of how the conception came about. This cannot and should not be done. Quality is a major factor in the question of the morality of abortion. When parents decide to keep or not keep a baby the issue of adoption does not play into this. The reason for this is that once the baby is born that the parents may change their mind if they want to keep it. Parents†¦show more content†¦If the fetus is not at fault but can be terminated, why should a different set of standards be in effect because two young people experimenting with sex made a mistake and the end result was the same as in the case of rape. I offer you the explanation that the circumstances surrounding the pregnancy can be deemed moral or immoral, but the fetus and therefore the abortion cannot. The outcome was an accidental meeting of a sperm and an egg in both instances. The moment of conception does not assemble a human the instant that the egg hits the sperm, it takes a full nine months. During this gestation period parts develop slowly, not all at once. Science has determined when the cut off is that a fetus can think and feel etc... If it were impossible for us to know when a fetus could feel and think than the obvious answer would be that it is immoral, but we can tell and therefore it is not. I think that it is important to remember that morals can be established for a society in particular, such as abortion in immoral, but cannot be changed by the context of how the pregnancy occurred. Either the termination of life is moral or it isnt. By this line of reasoning you can follow me to the logical conclusion of this paragraph. If it is logical and ethical to terminate the life of a fetus because of a particular circumstance, then it is moral to do so under any circumstance. AShow MoreRelatedAbortion : The Morality Of Abortion1442 Words   |  6 Pagesdebated topics in bioethics is the morality of abortion, or the ending of a pregnancy without physically giving birth to an infant. Often times abortions are categorized into eithe r spontaneous, a natural miscarriage; induced or intentional, which is premeditated and for any reason; or therapeutic, which albeit intentional, its sole purpose is to save the mother’s life. It seems however that moral conflicts on issue mainly arise when discussing induced abortions. In general, people universally agreeRead MoreAbortion And The Morality Of It921 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion and the morality of it has been a hot topic for years in the United States although it has been carried out for centuries in different cultures. Abortion is a medical procedure deliberately terminating a pregnancy. Abortions usually happen within the first 28 weeks of pregnancy and are considered an outpatient procedure. The first abortion laws were passed by Britain in 1803 and by 1880 most abortions in the U.S. were illegal, except for those that were performed to save the life of a womanRead MoreMorality of Abortion1478 Words   |  6 PagesMorality of Abortion For the past couple of decades, the issue of abortion has been the most heated topic debated in the United States. When considering this topic, one must look at three things: ethics, emotions and the law; for all of these are important to this issue. Like any debate, there are two sides to this issue: pro-choice and pro-life. The people who are pro- abortion say that the mother is the ultimate person to decide to abort a pregnancy and that the government should not get involvedRead MoreIs The Morality Of Abortions?956 Words   |  4 PagesThe topic I choose to discuss is the morality of abortions. Merriam-Webster defines abortion as the termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or closely followed by the death of the embryo or fetus. Abortion has been a very controversial matter and the ongoing controversy surrounding the moral and legal status of induced abortion. Some individuals are pro life and completely against it; they feel that abortion is immoral i s because it is the intentional killing of a human beingRead MoreThe Morality Of The Abortion Of A Fetus1948 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction: In this essay, the morality of the abortion of a fetus will be discussed in a drama involving a married couple named Deb and Derek (Smolkin, Bourgeois Findler, 2010).  For clarification purposes, we must first define the topic of this discussion; abortion is defined as the act in which a female voluntarily terminates her pregnancy where this act is legally permitted (Warren, 1973). Deb who is 16 weeks pregnant discovers that the fetus she is carrying will most likely be born mentallyRead MoreA Debate On The Morality Of Abortion1575 Words   |  7 Pagesthat makes sense to me and that has moral significance is clearly our ability to love, to put the needs of others before ourselves, and do it regardless of the personnel cost. Without this ability we would not even be having a debate on the morality of abortion. Thus I am arguing that the human ability to love and have a moral compass is what gives us our inherent value. Some might object that I added the potential clause to the sentence â€Å"To be human is to be at once a member of the species Homo sapiensRead MoreThe Legality And Morality Of Abortion1103 Words   |  5 Pages The legality and morality of abortion is a huge topic in today’s society. Are there ever times when it is justified? Who has a say in the matter of whether or not it is justified? How does one know how to justify abortion? â€Å"Given a particular pregnancy, who should decide whether or not it ought to be terminated?† (Jaggar, 218) People argue over whether or not the unborn child has the right to life or does the woman have the right to her own body. Other party’s possibly involved are the stateRead More The Morality of Abortions Essay2719 Words   |  11 PagesThe Morality of Abortions Abortion’s legalization through Supreme Court’s Roe v. Wade, has allowed for one in three pregnancies to end in abortion. This means that 1.5 million abortions are performed in the United States each year (Flanders 3). It ranks among the most complex and controversial issues, arousing heated legal, political, and ethical debates. The modern debate over abortion is a conflict of competing moral ideas and of fundamental human rights: to life, to privacy, to control overRead MoreThe Morality of Abortion Essay examples1494 Words   |  6 PagesThe Morality of Abortion Abortion is the termination of a foetus whilst in the womb and is a constantly argued issue in todays society. Whether abortion is moral or immoral depends on many topics and on one particular topic; when does life start? In 1976 the Abortion act was made active in England and Wales. This allowed the termination of a foetus aged up to 28 weeks, and for the first time women had the right to terminate an unwanted pregnancy. However limitationsRead MoreMorality Of Abortion s Argument1207 Words   |  5 Pages Morality of Abortion Counter-Argument Kyle Pedigo PHI 103: Informal Logic Micheal Pelt August 29, 2015 â€Æ' Morality of Abortion This paper is written to present a counter argument. This is a counter argument to a debate that has been around for a very long time and likely will not go away any time soon. The topic I will be covering is: Does the stage of pregnancy affect the morality of abortion? In my opinion I have to say no. But, my opinion is not the subject of this paper. My original argument

Successful Development Of Technology At Microsoft Free Essays

string(101) " has shown that the feature set in a specification document may sometime change by 30% or even more\." The success of Microsoft can be viewed from a number of perspectives. This ranges from its managerial and organizational position to the development and processing of its products and services for its customers. This implies looking at how Microsoft invents new products with substantial utility to the customers, strategies implemented by the company to make different groups and divisions to work together in harmony to achieve mega success. We will write a custom essay sample on Successful Development Of Technology At Microsoft or any similar topic only for you Order Now Having the best brains in the organization is not just enough to bring out the best software and the best products for the market. There must be effective managerial skills; these would harness the potentials the best brains in technology improvement, retain their autonomy just like any other highly qualified person would do, yet still work together to give the company the best. This paper evaluates the secrets of Microsoft’s success in developing superb technology and remaining on top of the market. Since it is very difficult to maintain the best brains within an organization without having them move out to practice their skills on the private basis, the paper tries to evaluate how the company maintains these best software developers and their work in harmony to bring out the best for the company. Microsoft currently is the world’s largest manufacturer of PC software, and having annual revenue of $8. 7 billion. It is probably the only PC Company that has handled more PC software projects than any other company in the world. This task is Herculean as there is a lot of complexity involved in the process, for example the development of Windows 95 that has more than 11 million lines of code and required an expansion team of more than 200 programmers as well as testers. This is one of the greatest challenge that most of the rivals to Microsoft are unable to do and thus the difficult in competing [Reimer, 2008] Their philosophy on product development and improvement for the last few years has been to develop its roots as a highly flexible, entrepreneurial company that does not to take up too many of the structured software-engineering practices that are commonly practiced and promoted by organizations such as the International Standards Organization and Software Engineering Institute. Microsoft strategy is developing a loosely structured small-team that some people might refer to as hacker style of product development. Their objective is to get many small as well as parallel teams that are composed of three to eight developers each, or individual programmers who eventually work together as one team in order to build large pile of products relatively fast while still allowing individual programmers and the team members their freedom to evolve their designs and even operate nearly autonomously [Hardmeier, 2008]. The small parallel teams develop features and whole products freely while at the same time frequently introducing new technologies concepts. However, since the developers are free to innovate while working with Microsoft, they are required to synchronize their changes frequently so that the product components work in harmony. In this regard, there are several lessons to be learned from how Microsoft develops its software products; some apply to other organizations, and some may not. Software developers as well as their managers from other organizations can discover useful ideas after careful consideration of such factors as their company’s goals, strategies, marketing resource constraints, and development culture and software reliability requirements [Reimer, 2008]. They can also learn to frequently synchronize and carry out periodic stabilizations of their products. Without this approach implemented by Microsoft, it would probably never have been able to design, develop, and ship the products it offers now and is planning to offer in the future [Reimer, 2008]. Teams of programmers at Microsoft and testers usually synchronize and periodically stabilize the changes they make to their products in progress, thus yielding products such as Publisher, Excel, Office, Windows 95, Word, Works, and Windows NT etc. Since the mid-1980s, Microsoft as well as other PC software companies has recognized that they build software products in response to quality. Many of them have also found it important to have larger teams in order to come up with PC software products that consist of hundreds of thousands or even millions of lines of source code hence requiring hundreds of people to build and then test them over a certain period [Hardmeier, 2008]. The technology development approach must have a mechanism that allows developers to test their product with their customers and also refine their designs during the development process. In most industries, many of the companies are now using prototyping and multiple cycles of concurrent design, build, and testing activities aimed at controlling interactions and also make fundamental changes in their product development. In the software industry, researchers and their managers have talked about â€Å"interactive enhancement,† a â€Å"spiral model† for iteration in the phases of the project development, and the â€Å"concurrent development† of multiple phases and the activities for the past 20 years. Unfortunately most companies are reluctant to formally adopt these recommendations. Since users’ needs for most software are very difficult to understand and the changes in hardware and software technologies are very frequent, it is not wise to design a software system completely in advance [Lemo, 2008]. Microsoft teams start the process of product development at the point of creating a â€Å"vision statement†, and then define the goals for the new product and the user activities that need to be supported by the new product features. Then, the product managers or the marketing specialists take charge while the consulting program managers who specialize in writing functional specifications of the product are also incorporated. In consultation with developers, program managers, then write a functional specification that outlines the product features with organized schedules and the staffing allocations; the initial specification document rarely covers all the details of each feature. During product development, team members revise the features set and details, and learn about the new product. Experience at Microsoft has shown that the feature set in a specification document may sometime change by 30% or even more. You read "Successful Development Of Technology At Microsoft" in category "Papers" Project managers are obliged to divide the product and the entire project into different parts; they also divide the project schedule into three or four milestone junctures called sequential sub projects meant to represent the completion points for major portions of the new product in each of the milestone subproject, all the feature teams are expected to go through a complete cycle of development, feature integration, testing, as well as fixing problems. Throughout an entire project, they (feature teams) are required to synchronize their work in the process of building the product as well as finding and fixing errors on a daily, weekly basis. The program developer is expected to fix detectable errors at the end of a milestone subproject. These error correction is a way of stabilizing the product and thus enable the product developing team to have a clear understanding of the parts of the product that have been successfully completed. After this achievement, the development team usually proceeds to the next milestone, [Hardmeier, 2008]. One of the most important things in high-tech companies is employing creative people, but directing their creativity is supreme. This is the task of the managers. Microsoft has a strategy for tackling this problem; it structures projects into subprojects that contain priority-ordered features; and the buffer time that is within each subproject gives the developers adequate time to respond to the changes, unexpected delays and difficulties. Microsoft projects usually use the vision statements as well as outline specifications rather than a detailed design and the complete product specifications before coding. This is done because the teams have realized that they cannot determine, in advance, what the developers need to build a good product. This approach gives the developers and program managers enough room to adapt to change, the unforeseen competitive opportunities and even threats. This is particularly related to the applications products, since development teams try in many instances to devise features that copy directly to the activities that typical customers perform. Thus the teams need to have continual observation and testing with the users during development [Lemos, 2008]. Most of the product designs have modular architectures that allow team members to add or combine features in a predictable straightforward manner. In addition, the presence of managers allows team members to have their own schedules, but this is only after the developers have critically analyzed tasks in detail. Managers are then mandated to â€Å"fix† project resources by limiting the number of experts they allocate to each of the project; they also limit the time spent on projects, especially for the applications like Office and multimedia products, so that team members can delete features if they are far from reaching deadlines. But it should be noted that cutting features in order to save schedule, time has not always been possible with the operating systems projects. In these kinds of projects, reliability is of more importance than the features. Most of the features in the operating system are closely coupled and thus cannot be easily deleted individually. The daily building of processes at Microsoft has several steps. First, to develop a feature for a product, developers check out private copies of source code files which are located at a centralized master version of the source code. They then implement their individual features by making necessary changes to their private copies of the source code files. The developers are then mandated to create a private build of the product that contains the new features and test it. Changes from the developers’ private copies are then checked from the source code files to the main master version of the source code. This check-in process has an automated regression test to ensure that changes to the source code files do not create errors in other parts of the product. This check-in by the developers back to the master copy is done at least twice a week but in some instances they may check it daily [Lemos, 2008]. Irrespective of the way the individual developers check in their changes to the main source code, a designated developer, often called the project build master, generates a complete build of the product on a daily basis by using the master version of the source code. Product teams at Microsoft also test features as they continuously build them from various perspectives. This may include bringing in customers from the street to try prototype in a Microsoft usability lab. Also most of the Microsoft teams work from a single physical site with common development languages (primarily C and C++), standardized common coding styles and development tools. This common language and common site and tools help team members, debate, communicate, resolve problems face to face and design ideas. A small set of quantitative metrics is used in the project teams to help guide decisions in order to complete a project and also when to ship a new or upgraded product to market [Lemos, 2008]. Conclusion There are important lessons to be learnt from Microsoft especially for organizations and managers in various industries. The synch-and-stabilize approach that is used at Microsoft is particularly suited to fast-evolving markets that have complex systems products, competition around fast-evolving product features as well as defacto high technical standards and the short life cycles. Of particular interest and important lesson is how Microsoft coordinates the work of a large team of professionals thus successfully building many interdependent parts although continually changing and requiring a constant high level of communication, coordination is still maintained. Indeed, one should appreciate that it is difficult to ensure such communication and the effective coordination there, and at the same time still allow engineers, designers and marketing people enjoy the freedom to be creative. Achieving this sought of balance is inevitably the central dilemma that the managers of product development usually face—in PC software and in many other industries. REFERENCE: Jeremy Reimer. Microsoft set to launch new marketing campaign. Ars Technica. Retrieved on 28th March 2008. Sandi Hardmeier. Microsoft – The History of Internet Explorer. Microsoft. Retrieved on 28th March 2008 Robert Lemos. Trust or treachery? Security technologies could backfire against consumers. CNet news.com. Retrieved on 28th March 2008    How to cite Successful Development Of Technology At Microsoft, Essays

Americas Most Shameful Moment free essay sample

Americas Most Shameful Moment President Jackson ordered Indian removal despite the Constitution, and this was very controversial between the Native Americans, general public, and law makers. Andrew Jackson most certainly did not have the right to order the removal of the Native Americans. Beside from ethics, his own government branch of the Supreme Court declared it illegal. John Marshall decided that the Cherokees had their own nation, and it would be wrong for the United States to claim the land of the Cherokee their own. Jacksons people, the people of the United States felt that they had the right to deal with the land however they pleased, but that was just opinion. Legally, he did not have the right to force Indian removal. Personally, I feel that Andrew Jackson should not have removed the Native Americans. The American Indians were on the land first, and were strongly attached to their land in a religious sense. We will write a custom essay sample on Americas Most Shameful Moment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Indians did not at all want to â€Å"trade lands†. Jackson acted like a bigot and a bully, forcing out the natives because he felt that they couldnt have used the land as well as the civilized whites. Without the Indian Removal Act, the U. S. would possibly be much smaller, poorer, and weaker as a nation. Economically, obviously, Jackson did the right thing. Ethically, though which really counts, it was an atrocious, horrible, nasty decision. Jackson should never have removed the Native Americans, and Americans today should be ashamed of this decision. Jackson argued that unless the Supreme Court could keep Indian removal from happening, it will happen anyway, with his approval. his proves that Andrew Jackson strongly felt that states should hold jurisdiction over the federal government. He believed in a small federal government. Jackson felt that if the state of Georgia wanted to do the opposite of the law of the Supreme Court, then they have the right to. Jackson believed in keeping the federal government small, and was even willing to break a law and the Constitution to support his belief in government and U. S. power over Native Americans.

The Philippines And The World Market Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper The Philippines and the World Market The Philippines is considered to be one of the most westernized states in Asia. It has strong ties to the United States and the United States. In fact, It is the lone charter member of the U.N. in all of Southeast Asia. The United States has a really close relationship with the economic system and civilization of the Philippines. For case, Filipinos have a strong bitterness toward communistic states. During the cold war, the Philippines supported America by systematically being hostile toward communist states, and did non maintain diplomatic dealingss with the Soviet Union or any other communist province. The United States is the largest foreign consumer of Philippine merchandises. In many ways the endurance of the Filipino economic system depends on the united States. We purchase about all of the sugar exports, most of the coconut oil, embellishment, at least half of the base metals, and a 4th of the timber. We will write a custom essay sample on The Philippines And The World Market Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The United States supplies most of the Philippine imports of machinery, dairy merchandises, cotton, documents, drugs, cars and much or the crude oil merchandises. Although states like Japan, Canada Australi a, and New Zealand are acquiring more and more involved in trade with the Philippines, America remains to be the Philippines most of import trading spouse. When America acquired the Philippines and established free trade in 1909, the economic system of the islands was tied to that parent state. As a consequence, the Philippines became about wholly dependent upon United States markets. Therefore, America has had a strong influence on non merely the economic system of the Philippines, but besides the political relations of it. The United States established a public instruction system in the Philippines in the early 1900? s. Although they were non American schools they had many similarities. American instructors were used every bit good as American books. The instructors besides taught in English. The Filipino authorities is even designed after the American system and dedicated to democratic procedure. All in all America has become a really strong influence on the Philippines. Even though the exterior program was to construct up the Filipino economic system and authorities so allow them hold their independency, it seems obvious there was a deeper program to Americanise and economically command the county. Follow the money. .

Women too apologetic in the boardroom - Emphasis

Women too apologetic in the boardroom Women too apologetic in the boardroom The language women use in meetings could be holding them back in business, according to new research. The study, an 18-month long examination of the speaking patterns of men and women within seven major companies, was run by applied linguistics lecturer Dr Judith Baxter. The biggest difference Dr Baxter noticed between the sexes was womens tendency to use humour, self-deprecation and apologetic language, apparently to avoid conflict. Indeed, they were found to be four times more likely to employ these techniques than men, who tended to be more direct and openly confrontational. And this could be undermining their own authority and making them look weak and defensive. [Women] have to work really hard to hit the right note with their colleagues, says Dr Baxter. I have seen a woman use all the wrong linguistic strategies, and she lost the room. This problematic habit occurs most, it seems, where women feel particularly outnumbered by men in meetings. And given that only 12.5 per cent of FTSE-100 company board members are women, the issue looks to have the makings of a vicious circle.